Human activities have already modified over 75% of the world's land ecosystems. Ecosystems continue to be transformed into agricultural farms and cities, reducing natural habitats and increasing wildlife activity in human-dominated areas. In India, agroecosystems are known to support many carnivores. While these carnivores utilise agroecosystems as pathways and as sites for foraging and denning, anthropogenic structures may act as edges or barriers that restrict and alter the movement of the animals and even cause behavioural avoidance of specific regions. Additionally, anthropogenic environments could be stressful, resulting in a physiological cost that could lead to health problems. Wild animals must demonstrate flexibility and adaptability in their behavioural and physiological strategies to navigate and survive in an anthropogenically-altered environment. Furthermore, domesticated animals also use the agroecosystem matrix and interact with the wild animals in these areas. A key example is the high density of free-ranging dogs in human-dominated landscapes that now form a potential prey base for large carnivores. The predation of village dogs can also serve as a direct catalyst for conflict between humans and wild carnivores. Therefore, this study aims to examine the challenges and strategies wild and domestic carnivores face in agroecosystems by examining movement behaviours and physiological and cognitive responses. The first aspect on wild carnivores will focus on jackals (Canis aureus indicus), jungle cats (Felis chaus) and Indian foxes (Vulpes bengalensis) ranging across the rural and peri-urban areas of Baramati, Daund, and Indapur sub-divisions (Talukas) of Pune District, Maharashtra in West-Central India. We will determine the movement strategies of these mesocarnivores in response to anthropogenically created edges using telemetry data. We will also assess stress levels (measured as glucocorticoids from fur) and problem-solving abilities (using a novel puzzle box experiment) of the mesocarnivores that live in areas that vary in their proximity to human-dominated landscapes. For the effect of wild carnivores on domestic carnivores, we will investigate the effects of leopard predation on free-ranging dogs by comparing the population and behavioural variations of dogs in Nashik and Pune that are spread across a unique gradient, ranging from no-leopard regions, areas with recent leopard presence and long-term leopard areas. The comparative approach provides a novel opportunity to understand the concept of the landscape of fear in a human-dependent species in human-dominated landscapes. Furthermore, it could help us deepen the understanding of both the positive and negative impacts of free-ranging dogs within the human dimensions of dog-wildlife interactions in these landscapes.