Division of labour plays a very important role in social insects and could either be reproductive or non-reproductive in nature. The lack of morphological differences among individuals in primitively eusocial species lead to greater flexibility in their social roles making them very interesting model systems to study division of labour. Ropalidia cyathiformis, a primitively eusocial wasp was chosen as the model system for the study of reproductive and non-reproductive division of labour. One of the key findings reveals that while dominance behaviour is used as a mechanism for reproductive division of labour, age is used for non-reproductive division of labour. We also compared our findings with what is already known in a related conspecific, Ropalidia marginata. Our findings showed that R. cyathiformis maybe a more primitive species compared to R. marginata and provide a glimpse into the origin of eusocial insects.